The Christian Calendar
(Also called the Liturgical Calendar, which just means a calendar of worship.)
The church year follows a different schedule than the calendar hanging on your wall. It is separated into seasons centering on events in the life of Jesus. Although the details vary from tradition to tradition, it is a rhythm that has been followed by churches all over the world for centuries. It is a rhythm that shapes our worship and connects us to all of God's people. Following are the liturgical seasons that shape our worship:
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Advent: preparing for the birth of Jesus, and also expectantly waiting for his second coming
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Christmastide: celebrating Jesus' birth
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Epiphany: the time between Christmastide and Lent, celebrating the ways Jesus was revealed to us
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Ash Wednesday: the first day of Lent; a day of penitence
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Lent: the 40 days before Easter (not counting Sundays) focused on spiritual disciplines
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Maundy Thursday: celebrating Jesus' last supper with his disciples
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Good Friday: commemorating Jesus' death
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Easter Vigil: commemorating Jesus' time in the tomb, it is a time of expectant waiting
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Eastertide: celebrating Jesus' resurrection
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Ascension Day: celebrating Jesus' going to heaven
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Pentecost: celebrating the coming of the Holy Spirit to the disciples
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Ordinary* Time: a time without a particular season, ending with "Christ the King" Sunday
(*coming from the word "ordinal" as in "counted" because traditionally the Sundays are numbered after Pentecost)

Image from GodSpace
2021-2022 Christian Year
Advent: November 28 - December 24, 2021
Christmas: December 25
Christmastide: December 26 - January 2, 2022
Epiphany: January 6
Season of Epiphany: January 9 - February 27
Ash Wednesday: March 2
Lent: Wednesday, March 2 - April 16
Maundy Thursday: April 14
Good Friday: April 15
Palm Sunday: April 10
Easter Vigil: April 16
Easter: April 17
Eastertide: April 17 - May 29
Ascension: May 26
Pentecost: Sunday, June 5
Ordinary Time: June 12 - November 26